With regard to the ongoing bilateral negotiations on trade and investment, some progress has been made recently. China and the EU have signed a bilateral agreement to protect 100 European geographical indications (“ISGs”) in China and 100 Chinese geographical eu companies from usurpation and counterfeiting. In addition, negotiations on the conclusion of the Comprehensive Investment Agreement (IAC) are expected to be concluded by the end of the year. Foreign investors in China face many difficulties due to restrictions (or bans) on investments in certain sectors or services, in addition to bureaucratic procedures that regulate this investment flow, such as special licenses, registrations, licensing procedures, standards and/or certifications. In addition, it may be difficult for foreign investors to interpret the laws and guidelines governing their entry into the market and their businesses, which is often seen as more favourable to local businesses. It is clear that the EU and China represent a significant share of the other`s market; The conclusion of the AI is therefore in the interests of both parties. On the Chinese side, China has not yet granted domestic treatment to foreign companies, one of the wto`s fundamental principles, as promised. Some of the market opening measures recently implemented under the Foreign Investment Act, which came into force in 2020, such as participation in domestic industrial policies, programmes and public procurement, are granted to foreign companies – not foreign companies per se. More importantly, although China has argued in recent years for talks for a free trade agreement with the EU, it is worth remembering the two preconditions of the EU: “a good result” with regard to IACs and China`s progress on reforms that give the market a more decisive role, including a level playing field.
Therefore, the conclusion of the IAC will be crucial for China in order to advance its trade ambitions. The Global Investment Agreement between China and the EU is a bilateral investment agreement that focuses on improving market access, reducing barriers to investment and regulating competition and labour standards. Since the European market is more open than the Chinese market, the negotiations are aimed rather at the EU pushing China to make concessions on opening up its market, making it easier for European companies to invest in the country. At a 2013 summit in Beijing, China and the EU agreed to begin formal negotiations on the investment agreement between Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and then-European Commission President Li Keqiang, then the EU`s executive body. Since then, the two sides have held 31 roundtables. Nearly a decade has passed and, although some progress has been made, many tensions remain. Today, EU officials say the chances of reaching an agreement by the end of the year – a deadline that Agatha Kratz, associate director of the research consultancy group, has described as “futile” – are slim. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen recently said after a high-level dialogue with Chinese President Xi Jinping: “China must convince us that it is worth having an investment agreement.” And the EU is preparing to put in place mechanisms to protect and limit foreign investment in Europe that would operate independently of the AIC.
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